TCP/UDP ports: Reason: More than one server (software program) on an operating system Usually one operating system per piece of hardware Virtual machines do exist Some common ports 22 80 and 443 3306 Let's go look at Wikipedia nmap can do a thorough scan Or a brief scan Did I fix the network demo? Short list of commands still to come: sed cut (I've mentioned it) stuff related to compression, archives, and encryption Better to have a short list you remember! Feel free to learn others! Like curl (used with turnin) Network tools: wget nc (netcat) nmap traceroute There are plenty more, but this is ok for now fstab uuid and devices Partitions, extended and primary Numbering: hd*, sd*, nvme fdisk will show you cfdisk = Curses Fdisk sshfs: Mount a filesystem over SSH Userspace mounting fuse Connections are NOT automatically re-established - Could use a loop... locate: This runs fast, because it consults a database - updatedb updates the database find: This doesn't use a database Tests, example: -type (b|c|d|f|l) Another example: -name man has a list Logic operators! -and, -or, -not, ( ) - Remember, the shell will still expand stuff Actions: -delete, -ls, -print (default), -quit Actions can be in logical operators! - lazy evaluation and actions xargs vs. backticks - xargs will do multiple batches - xargs can do multiple processors - -n option, for separate invocation Archives! tar is a common unix archive - "tarballs" - tar command manipulates these (-cf to make, -xf to extract) - Meaning of -f, standard input Unix philosophy: A toolbox Compression! - gzip - bzip2 - xz (LZMA, like 7zip without 7zip You can compress files that aren't archives - Example: zcat and logs tar can run the compression program for you! - tar -czf, -xzf, some people use -czvf and -xzvf Backups often use tar - Example: annelid (is only kind of backed up) - Distributed systems, and distributed backup - Two is one, and one is none + When the zombies arrive... cron again - At some point, I should really show you how to use this! - System administration: /etc, cron has stuff in here - There's a way to do cron as a regular user, but I forgot how + Why would you want this? .zip archives: - These were popularized with WinZip, but they're not bad - zip tool, unzip tool - I use these more than .tar.gz + Go with the flow xargs example: Download all CS228 assignments in parallel - Side note: Web spider wget can already do this Scripting: Scripts can be pretty elaborate! Example: spectre-meltdown-checker.sh They can even have a GUI! cdrtoaster