Efficiency! Or we could just talk about flying snakes instead First: Other fields Vehicles HVAC and other home appliances Rockets Feeding livestock Effective yet inefficient solutions: Usually these give way to more efficient solutions 2-stroke engines Not always though! Jet marine propulsion Why? Cost of extra input vs. total cost An expensive but efficient solution may not be cost effective Let's look at computing: "input" here comes in two forms: Hardware cost Electricity Web pages Scripting languages Operating system kernels Network protocols (level 4 and down) Text-based network protocols There actually aren't that many of these TLS eliminates the expected benefit Role of regulation here?